Columns Inside Medinet Habu, Ramesses III Mortuary Temple Colors Are Still Vibrant. Can You Imagine How

Palermo (Punta Raisi). Sicilia. Video credit: pillole.di.sicilia

Welcome to Sicily.

The Alexander Romance (a series of fictional stories about Alexander the Great) doesn’t just celebrate Alexander’s virility and skill in warfare; it also portrays him as insatiably curious about the world. In one story, Alexander descends deep under the sea in a primitive diving bell. He brought with him a rooster (to help him keep time by crowing), a dog, and a cat.

We have a version of the story from the Mughal Empire in the late 1500s:

And another from Germany in the 1400s:

Medium

The Bizarre Afterlife of Alexander the Great

The Alexander Romance turns history into a superhero story

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Nefertum, god of the lotus and son of Ptah and Sekhmet.

Nasir almolk Mosque/ Shiraz/ Iran

Photographer: reza adeli

Ashurbanipal: the Righteous Suffering - Part I / Ασσουρμπανιπάλ Πάσχων – Α' (1987)

Ashurbanipal: the Righteous Suffering - Part I

In this 2-series article (published back in 1987), I present a brief diagram of the Messianic Assyrian dynasty of the Sargonids (722-609 BCE), who ruled Nineveh as the exemplary universal empire of the World History; accepting Jonah's preaching, Sargon of Assyria (722-705 BCE) and his son and grandson, Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) and Esarhaddon (681-670 BCE), ushered the world to the Messianic Era of Ashurbanipal (669-625 BCE), who lived a first life as the Suffering Messiah, on the basis of contemporaneous historical texts and personal declarations, only to leave to posterity the claim to his exulted return and celestial reign. All posterior adaptations and identifications being fraudulent, the Second Coming of Ashurbanipal is instantly corroborated by the nature of his magnum opus. The two titles of the series are: "Ashurbanipal: the Righteous Suffering" and "Ashurbanipal: the Coming King". 

Ашурбанипал: Праведный Страдающий - Часть I

В этой 2-серийной статье (опубликованной еще в 1987 г.) я представляю краткую схему мессианской ассирийской династии Саргонидов (722-609 гг. до н. э.), правивших Ниневией как образцовой универсальной империей Всемирной истории; приняв проповедь Ионы, Саргон Ассирийский (722-705 гг. до н.э.) и его сын и внук Сеннахирим (705-681 гг. до н.э.) и Асархаддон (681-670 гг. до н.э.), открыли миру мессианскую эру Ашшурбанипала (669–625 гг. до н. э.), который прожил первую жизнь как Страдающий Мессия, на основании современных ему исторических текстов и личных заявлений, только для того, чтобы оставить потомкам притязания на его ликующее возвращение и небесное правление. Все последующие адаптации и отождествления являются мошенническими, и Второе пришествие Ашшурбанипала немедленно подтверждается характером его великого произведения. Два названия сериала: «Ашурбанипал: Праведный Страдающий » и «Ашурбанипал: грядущий царь».

Ασσουρμπανιπάλ Πάσχων – Τμήμα Α'

Σε αυτή την σειρά δύο άρθρων (δημοσιευμένων το 1987), παρουσιάζω ένα σύντομο διάγραμμα της Μεσσιανικής Ασσυριακής δυναστείας των Σαργονιδών (722-609 πτεμ), οι οποίοι κυβέρνησαν τη Νινευή ως την υποδειγματική παγκόσμια αυτοκρατορία της Παγκόσμιας Ιστορίας. Αποδεχόμενοι το κήρυγμα του Ιωνά, ο Σαργών της Ασσυρίας (722-705 π.Χ.), καθώς και ο υιός και εγγονός του, Σεναχειρίμπ (705-681 πτεμ) και Ασσαρχαδδών (681-670 πτεμ), οδήγησαν τον κόσμο στη Μεσσιανική Εποχή του Ασουρμπανιπάλ (669-625 πτεμ), ο οποίος έζησε μια πρώτη ζωή ως ο Πάσχων Μεσσίας, με βάση τα σύγχρονα τότε ιστορικά κείμενα και τις προσωπικές του διακηρύξεις, μόνο για να αφήσει σε όλους τους επόμενους την αξίωση για την εξυμνηθείσα επιστροφή του και την ουράνια βασιλεία του. Καθώς όλες οι μεταγενέστερες προσαρμογές του θέματος και ταυτίσεις προσώπων είναι ολότελα δόλιες, η Δευτέρα Παρουσία του Ασουρμπανιπάλ επιβεβαιώνεται ακαριαία από τη φύση του μεγάλου έργου του. Οι δύο τίτλοι της σειράς είναι: «Ασσουρμπανιπάλ Πάσχων» και «Ασσουρμπανιπάλ  Ερχόμενος».

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Main units:

Introduction

Who were the Assyrians?

Jonah's Sermon at Nineveh

The structure of Assyrian society and power

The transfer of the Ten Tribes of Israel to Assyria

Sennacherib: the destroyer of "nations"

The Assassination of Sennacherib

Esarhaddon and the Tree of Life

The Great Opus and Ashurbanipal

The Particularities of Ashurbanipal

The last conspiracy

Appendices:

Assyrian expansion and obstacles

Ashurbanipal and ... Sardanapalus

in: Inexplicable, January 1987, pp. 212-223

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Основные главы:

Введение

Кем были ассирийцы?

Проповедь Ионы в Ниневии

Структура ассирийского общества и власти

Переселение десяти колен Израиля в Ассирию

Синаххериб: разрушитель «наций»

Убийство Синаххериба

Асархаддон и Древо Жизни

Великий Опус и Ашшурбанипал

Особенности Ашшурбанипала

Последний заговор

Приложения:

Ассирийская экспансия и препятствия

Ашурбанипал и ... Сарданапал

в: Необъяснимое, январь 1987 г., стр. 212-223.

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Κυρίως ενότητες:

Εισαγωγή

Ποιοι ήταν οι Ασσύριοι

Το Κήρυγμα του Ιωνά στη Νινευή

Η δομή της ασσυριακής κοινωνίας και εξουσίας

Η μεταφορά των Δέκα Φυλών του Ισραήλ στην Ασσυρία

Σεναχειρίμπ: ο εξολοθρευτής των "εθνών"

Η δολοφονία του Σεναχειρίμπ

Ο Ασσαρχαδών και το Δέντρο της Ζωής

Το Έργο και ο Ασσουρμπανιπάλ

Οι ιδιαιτερότητες του Ασσουρμπανιπάλ

Η τελευταία συνωμοσία

Παραρτήματα:

Ασσυριακή εξάπλωση και εμπόδια

Ασσουρμπανιπάλ και ... Σαρδανάπαλος

στο Ανεξήγητο, Ιανουάριος 1987, σ. 212-223

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Κατεβάστε το άρθρο: / Download the article: / Скачать статью:

The Historian, Elizabeth Kostova

When is the first evidence of an African empire? I will have to go with Kerma, below I’ll explain why .

The general political situation in the Neolithic Southern Nile Valley (left), pre-Kerma around c. 4th millennium BC (centre), and a Medjay warrior depicted on a bucranium (cattle skull) from Mostagedda, Middle Egypt, (right), illustrating the use of Hieroglyphs among the southern populations living among the Egyptians

See where Kerma is in the purple ? it would take all those other polities creating a large Empire to be known as Kush.

So if by Empire we are talking about a state gobbling up multiple states, many may think Egypt because the land area was large, but Kerma at it’s height took over all the surrounding polities under a unified front, I guess one could argue the same for the early unification of the upper and Lower Egypt, but these were multiple entities from as far away as Punt even.

The standing remains of a c. 4000 year old monument. The Western Deffufa, a massive mud brick temple in the center of Kerma, capital of the first Kingdom of Kush.

The rise of Kerma (c. 2500 BC) sees the absorption of these tribes into a strong centralised state, know as Kush, which ended up rivalling Egypt itself. This period sees some of the first monumental construction activities in Sudan, organised labour, advanced metallurgy, cross-continental trade networks and the earliest use of Egyptian hieroglyphs as well as being embroiled in violent conflict with their northern neighbour, annexing lower Nubia and raiding as far north as Thebes. A thousand years after its establishment, the Kingdom of Kerma was conquered by the New Kingdom. 500 Years of occupation blurred the lines between Kush and Egypt, as the material culture of the two countries became nearly indistinguishable.

Aerial view of a historic reconstruction of the central district of the Royal City of Kerma, somewhere around c. 2050 - 1750 BC, showing the Western Deffufa, a massive mud-brick religious monument, still standing today at 18 meters in height , surrounded by elite residential area’s. This central area was walled with massive earthen ramparts with bastions. A large necropolis, shrines, palaces and agricultural villages extending north and south towards the fertile plain of the Nile surrounded this district.

The rise of Kerma (c. 2500 BC) sees the absorption of these tribes into a strong centralised state, know as Kush, which ended up rivalling Egypt itself. This period sees some of the first monumental construction activities in Sudan, organised labour, advanced metallurgy, cross-continental trade networks and the earliest use of Egyptian hieroglyphs as well as being embroiled in violent conflict with their northern neighbour, annexing lower Nubia and raiding as far north as Thebes. A thousand years after its establishment, the Kingdom of Kerma was conquered by the New Kingdom. 500 Years of occupation blurred the lines between Kush and Egypt, as the material culture of the two countries became nearly indistinguishable.

The following is important as to why I think Kerma was the first Empire.

The El Kab inscription

The tomb belonged to Sobeknakht, a Governor of El Kab, an important provincial capital during the latter part of the 17th Dynasty (about 1575-1550BC).

The inscription describes a ferocious invasion of Egypt by armies from Kush and its allies from the south, including the land of Punt, on the southern coast of the Red Sea. It says that vast territories were affected and describes Sobeknakht’s heroic role in organising a counter-attack.

The text takes the form of an address to the living by Sobeknakht: “Listen you, who are alive upon earth … Kush came … aroused along his length, he having stirred up the tribes of Wawat … the land of Punt and the Medjaw…” It describes the decisive role played by “the might of the great one, Nekhbet”, the vulture-goddess of El Kab, as “strong of heart against the Nubians, who were burnt through fire”, while the “chief of the nomads fell through the blast of her flame”.

The discovery explains why Egyptian treasures, including statues, stelae and an elegant alabaster vessel found in the royal tomb at Kerma, were buried in Kushite tombs: they were war trophies

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The Sennacherib prism, commissioned by the Assyrian king in the 600s BCE. Its ten sides contain records of his conquests and achievements in cuneiform. The record culminates with Sennarcherib's 15-month siege and destruction of Babylon.

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