Bacterias & Tx

Qur'an

“Sequence VR" was exhibited at the V & A Museum in London, as part of the London Design Festival. A new immersive virtual reality experience has been created using an Oculus Rift as part of “Sequence” using the data and footage from the project. It was shown alongside a series of objects and artefacts created during the project including live bacteria. The exhibit was accompanied by a participatory DNA extraction/preparation workshop where Dumitriu was joined by Dr Nicola Fawcett from the Modernisng Medical Microbiology Project. The event took place on 25th - 27th September 2015. See more information here.

ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :)

Also, REMEMBER!!!!

* Sulfonamides compete for albumin with:

Bilirrubin: given in 2°,3°T, high risk or indirect hyperBb and kernicterus in premies

Warfarin: increases toxicity: bleeding

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Suceptible:

Natural Penicillins (G, V, F, K)

Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)

Antipseudomonal Penicillins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin)

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Resistant:

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin

3°G, 4°G Cephalosporins

Carbapenems 

Monobactams

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

* Penicillins enhanced with:

Clavulanic acid & Sulbactam (both are suicide inhibitors, they inhibit beta-lactamase)

Aminoglycosides (against enterococcus and psedomonas)

* Aminoglycosides enhanced with Aztreonam

* Penicillins: renal clearance EXCEPT Oxacillin & Nafcillin (bile)

* Cephalosporines: renal clearance EXCEPT Cefoperazone & Cefrtriaxone (bile)

* Both inhibited by Probenecid during tubular secretion.

* 2°G Cephalosporines: none cross BBB except Cefuroxime

* 3°G Cephalosporines: all cross BBB except Cefoperazone bc is highly highly lipid soluble, so is protein bound in plasma, therefore it doesn’t cross BBB.

* Cephalosporines are "LAME“ bc they  do not cover this organisms 

L  isteria monocytogenes

A  typicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

M RSA (except Ceftaroline, 5°G)

E  nterococci

* Disulfiram-like effect: Cefotetan & Cefoperazone (mnemonic)

* Cefoperanzone: all the exceptions!!!

All 3°G cephalosporins cross the BBB except Cefoperazone.

All cephalosporins are renal cleared, except Cefoperazone.

Disulfiram-like effect

* Against Pseudomonas:

3°G Cef taz idime (taz taz taz taz)

4°G Cefepime, Cefpirome (not available in the USA)

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Aminoglycosides (synergy with beta-lactams)

Aztreonam (pseudomonal sepsis)

* Covers MRSA: Ceftaroline (rhymes w/ Caroline, Caroline the 5°G Ceph), Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Tigecycline.

* Covers VRSA: Linezolid, Dalfopristin/Quinupristin

* Aminoglycosides: decrease release of ACh in synapse and act as a Neuromuscular blocker, this is why it enhances effects of muscle relaxants.

* DEMECLOCYCLINE: tetracycline that’s not used as an AB, it is used as tx of SIADH to cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (inhibits the V2 receptor in collecting ducts)

* Phototoxicity: Q ue S T  ion?

Q uinolones

Sulfonamides

T etracyclines

* p450 inhibitors: Cloramphenicol, Macrolides (except Azithromycin), Sulfonamides

* Macrolides SE: Motilin stimulation, QT prolongation, reversible deafness, eosinophilia, cholestatic hepatitis

* Bactericidal: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems), aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones, metronidazole.

* Baceriostatic: tetracyclins, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidonones, macrolides, sulfonamides, DHFR inhibitors.

* Pseudomembranous colitis: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin.

* QT prolongation: macrolides, sometimes fluoroquinolones

Magnified Photos of Creepy Crawlies

Colorado Potato Beetle magnified 100x. ‘As you might infer from its name, this bug loves potato crops and destroys plenty of them (and sometimes eggplant and tomato crops, too).‘

A schistosome parasite magnified 256x. This parasite ‘can penetrate the skin of people who come into contact with contaminated water. After several weeks, the parasites mature into adult worms, which live and produce eggs in blood vessels.’

‘Looks kind of like a sloth, doesn’t it? A sloth that climbs through your hair (and sometimes your eyebrows and eyelashes) laying eggs. Adult lice are just 2 to 3 mm long; this one has been magnified 200 times.’

This capture of a Bed Bug ‘shows the insect’s mouthparts, which it uses to pierce skin and drink your blood while you sleep.’

The infamous Water Bear, also known as a tardigrade, is much less adorable in real life than it is in many people’s imagination. But no matter how cute you find them, they’re indisputably badasses of nature, showing the ability to survive the vacuum of space.

See more magnified creepy crawlers at Mental_Floss

A Basic Demonstration of Optical Cloaking (by UniversityRochester)

Measuring the sky, the handy way.

Source: Free Astronomy Teaching Resources (Starry Night)

http://www.youtube.com/embed/TS0zA6DSfvk?feature=oembed

الرقية الشرعية الشاملة فارس عباد 1 (by netter2cool)

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP085YW60D8)