O Telescópio Espacial Hubble Das Agências Espaciais, NASA E ESA Lançou Uma Imagem Que Lembra Muito

Relembrando o sorvete da segunda-feira que ocorreu em 2024, na companhia da minha mãe e o Seu Joaz que é intitulado por mim de "O Sineiro Da Catedral". 🍦

📅 Data de registro: 3 de junho de 2024 às 19:58

Júpiter esse ano ainda irá nos revelar muitas novidades, com a sonda Juno que se encontra lá, pertinho dele.

Mas, todo o sistema de Júpiter intriga os astrônomos aqui na Terra também, e em todo o sistema, alguns satélites do gigante gasoso chamam mais a atenção do que outros.

O que dizer de Europa com seu provável oceano em subsuperície onde muitos esperam encontrar vida, e o que falar de Ganimedes, o maior satélite do Sistema Solar.

Mas além desses, outro pequeno satélite chama muito a atenção de todos, Io, um mundo vulcânico, castigado por estar muito próximo de Júpiter, mas que também pode revelar surpresas.

Um novo estudo mostrou que o satélite Io de Júpiter, tem uma fina atmosfera que colapsa, quando o satélite está na sombra de Júpiter, condensando como gelo, esse estudo conclui que os eclipses diários que acontecem em Júpiter possuem efeitos congelantes em seus satélites.

Esse estudo marcou a primeira vez que esse fenômeno pôde ser observado diretamente, melhorando assim o nosso entendimento sobre um dos objetos mais geologicamente ativos do nosso Sistema Solar.

O estudo foi feito usando o telescópio de 8 metros Gemini Norte, no Havaí, através de um instrumento chamado Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph, ou TEXES. Esse instrumento mede a atmosfera usando a radiação térmica e não a luz do Sol, e o Gemini tem a sensibilidade suficiente para registrar a assinatura da atmosfera de Io em colapso.

As observações foram feitas em duas noites do ano de 2013, quando o satélite Io estava a cerca de 675 milhões de quilômetros da Terra, em ambas as ocasiões pôde-se observar Io movendo-se na sombra de Júpiter por um período de cerca de 40 minutos antes e depois do início do eclipse.

A fina atmosfera de Io, consiste de dióxido de enxofre (SO2) que é emitido pelos vulcões, quando Io entra na sombra de Júpiter, a atmosfera colapsa enquanto o SO2 congela na superfície como gelo, quando o satélite sai da sombra, o gelo de SO2 é aquecido e sublima.

Assim, além de apresentar uma atividade geológica intensa, Io apresenta também uma atividade atmosférica frenética, já que ela é constantemente destruída e reparada de acordo com a dança do satélite ao redor do planeta.

A cada dia que passa vamos conhecendo melhor a nossa vizinhança cósmica!!!

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv8V4GW7umk)

Ten Interesting facts about Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. As such, it circles the sun faster than all the other planets, which is why Romans named it after their swift-footed messenger god. He is the god of financial gain, commerce, eloquence, messages, communication (including divination), travelers, boundaries, luck, trickery and thieves; he also serves as the guide of souls to the underworld

Like Venus, Mercury orbits the Sun within Earth’s orbit as an inferior planet, and never exceeds 28° away from the Sun. When viewed from Earth, this proximity to the Sun means the planet can only be seen near the western or eastern horizon during the early evening or early morning. At this time it may appear as a bright star-like object, but is often far more difficult to observe than Venus. The planet telescopically displays the complete range of phases, similar to Venus and the Moon, as it moves in its inner orbit relative to Earth, which reoccurs over the so-called synodic period approximately every 116 days.

Mercury’s axis has the smallest tilt of any of the Solar System’s planets (about ​1⁄30 degree). Its orbital eccentricity is the largest of all known planets in the Solar System; at perihelion, Mercury’s distance from the Sun is only about two-thirds (or 66%) of its distance at aphelion.

Its orbital period around the Sun of 87.97 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System.  A sidereal day (the period of rotation) lasts about 58.7 Earth days.

Mercury’s surface appears heavily cratered and is similar in appearance to the Moon’s, indicating that it has been geologically inactive for billions of years. Having almost no atmosphere to retain heat, it has surface temperatures that vary diurnally more than on any other planet in the Solar System, ranging from 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F) at night to 700 K (427 °C; 800 °F) during the day across the equatorial regions. The polar regions are constantly below 180 K (−93 °C; −136 °F). The planet has no known natural satellites. 

Unlike many other planets which “self-heal” through natural geological processes, the surface of Mercury is covered in craters. These are caused by numerous encounters with asteroids and comets. Most Mercurian craters are named after famous writers and artists. Any crater larger than 250 kilometres in diameter is referred to as a Basin.

The largest known crater is Caloris Basin, with a diameter of 1,550 km. The impact that created the Caloris Basin was so powerful that it caused lava eruptions and left a concentric ring over 2 km tall surrounding the impact crater.

Two spacecraft have visited Mercury: Mariner 10 flew by in 1974 and 1975; and MESSENGER, launched in 2004, orbited Mercury over 4,000 times in four years before exhausting its fuel and crashing into the planet’s surface on April 30, 2015.

It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 kilometres (1,516.0 mi). Mercury is also smaller—albeit more massive—than the largestnatural satellites in the Solar System, Ganymede and Titan.  

As if Mercury isn’t small enough, it not only shrank in its past but is continuing to shrink today. The tiny planet is made up of a single continental plate over a cooling iron core. As the core cools, it solidifies, reducing the planet’s volume and causing it to shrink. The process crumpled the surface, creating lobe-shaped scarps or cliffs, some hundreds of miles long and soaring up to a mile high, as well as Mercury’s “Great Valley,” which at about 620 miles long, 250 miles wide and 2 miles deep (1,000 by 400 by 3.2 km) is larger than Arizona’s famous Grand Canyon and deeper than the Great Rift Valley in East Africa. 

The first telescopic observations of Mercury were made by Galileo in the early 17th century. Although he observed phases when he looked at Venus, his telescope was not powerful enough to see the phases of Mercury.

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images: Joseph Brimacombe, NASA/JPL, Wikimedia Commons

Estudos!

Exercitando Física Matemática!!

Travel Posters of Fantastic Excursions

What would the future look like if people were regularly visiting to other planets and moons? These travel posters give a glimpse into that imaginative future. Take a look and choose your destination:

The Grand Tour

Our Voyager mission took advantage of a once-every-175-year alignment of the outer planets for a grand tour of the solar system. The twin spacecraft revealed details about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune – using each planet’s gravity to send them on to the next destination.

Mars

Our Mars Exploration Program seeks to understand whether Mars was, is, or can be a habitable world. This poster imagines a future day when we have achieved our vision of human exploration of the Red Planet and takes a nostalgic look back at the great imagined milestones of Mars exploration that will someday be celebrated as “historic sites.”

Earth

There’s no place like home. Warm, wet and with an atmosphere that’s just right, Earth is the only place we know of with life – and lots of it. Our Earth science missions monitor our home planet and how it’s changing so it can continue to provide a safe haven as we reach deeper into the cosmos.

Venus

The rare science opportunity of planetary transits has long inspired bold voyages to exotic vantage points – journeys such as James Cook’s trek to the South Pacific to watch Venus and Mercury cross the face of the sun in 1769. Spacecraft now allow us the luxury to study these cosmic crossings at times of our choosing from unique locales across our solar system.

Ceres

Ceres is the closest dwarf planet to the sun. It is the largest object in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, with an equatorial diameter of about 965 kilometers. After being studied with telescopes for more than two centuries, Ceres became the first dwarf planet to be explored by a spacecraft, when our Dawn probe arrived in orbit in March 2015. Dawn’s ongoing detailed observations are revealing intriguing insights into the nature of this mysterious world of ice and rock.

Jupiter

The Jovian cloudscape boasts the most spectacular light show in the solar system, with northern and southern lights to dazzle even the most jaded space traveler. Jupiter’s auroras are hundreds of times more powerful than Earth’s, and they form a glowing ring around each pole that’s bigger than our home planet. 

Enceladus

The discovery of Enceladus’ icy jets and their role in creating Saturn’s E-ring is one of the top findings of the Cassini mission to Saturn. Further Cassini discoveries revealed strong evidence of a global ocean and the first signs of potential hydrothermal activity beyond Earth – making this tiny Saturnian moon one of the leading locations in the search for possible life beyond Earth.

Titan

Frigid and alien, yet similar to our own planet billions of years ago, Saturn’s largest moon, Titan has a thick atmosphere, organic-rich chemistry and surface shaped by rivers and lakes of liquid ethane and methane. Our Cassini orbiter was designed to peer through Titan’s perpetual haze and unravel the mysteries of this planet-like moon.

Europa

Astonishing geology and the potential to host the conditions for simple life making Jupiter’s moon Europa a fascinating destination for future exploration. Beneath its icy surface, Europa is believed to conceal a global ocean of salty liquid water twice the volume of Earth’s oceans. Tugging and flexing from Jupiter’s gravity generates enough heat to keep the ocean from freezing.

You can download free poster size images of these thumbnails here: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/visions-of-the-future/

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

Boa noite galeraa!!

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)

Located in a cave more than a mile underground in Canada, SNO can be thought of as a type of telescope, though it bears little resemblance to the image most people associate with that word. It consists of an 18-meters-in-diameter stainless steel geodesic sphere inside of which is an acrylic vessel filled with 1000 tons of heavy water (deuterium oxide or D2O). Attached to the sphere are 9,522 ultra-sensitive light-sensors called photomultiplier tubes. When neutrinos passing through the heavy water interact with deuterium nuclei, flashes of light, called Cerenkov radiation, are emitted. The photomultiplier tubes detect these light flashes and convert them into electronic signals that scientists can analyze for the presence of all three types of neutrinos. 

Berkeley Lab

What’s Up for May 2016?

What’s Up for May? Two huge solar system highlights: Mercury transits the sun and Mars is closer to Earth than it has been in 11 years.

On May 9, wake up early on the west coast or step out for coffee on the east coast to see our smallest planet cross the face of the sun. The transit will also be visible from most of South America, western Africa and western Europe.

A transit occurs when one astronomical body appears to move across the face of another as seen from Earth or from a spacecraft. But be safe! You’ll need to view the sun and Mercury through a solar filter when looking through a telescope or when projecting the image of the solar disk onto a safe surface. Look a little south of the sun’s Equator. It will take about 7 ½ hours for the tiny planet’s disk to cross the sun completely. Since Mercury is so tiny it will appear as a very small round speck, whether it’s seen through a telescope or projected through a solar filter. The next Mercury transit will be Nov. 11, 2019.

Two other May highlights involve Mars. On May 22 Mars opposition occurs. That’s when Mars, Earth and the sun all line up, with Earth directly in the middle.

Eight days later on May 30, Mars and Earth are nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Mars is over half a million miles closer to Earth at closest approach than at opposition. But you won’t see much change in the diameter and brightness between these two dates. As Mars comes closer to Earth in its orbit, it appears larger and larger and brighter and brighter. 

During this time Mars rises after the sun sets. The best time to see Mars at its brightest is when it is highest in the sky, around midnight in May and a little earlier in June. 

Through a telescope you can make out some of the dark features on the planet, some of the lighter features and sometimes polar ice and dust storm-obscured areas showing very little detail.

After close approach, Earth sweeps past Mars quickly. So the planet appears large and bright for only a couple weeks. 

But don’t worry if you miss 2016’s close approach. 2018’s will be even better, as Mars’ close approach will be, well, even closer.

You can find out about our #JourneytoMars missions at mars.nasa.gov, and you can learn about all of our missions at http://www.nasa.gov.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

Muitos observam o pôr do Sol, poucos observam o pôr da Lua, raríssimos são aqueles que contemplam os pôres do Sol e da Lua simultaneamente! 🌅🌙

📅 Data de registro: 5 de agosto de 2024 às 18:26

Em Dezembro de 2015, a ESA lançou o LISA Pathfinder.

Depois de viajar 1.5 milhão de quilômetros e estacionar no ponto de Lagrange onde ficaria operacional, sua missão científica começou especificamente no dia 1 de Março de 2016.

Mas você conhece o LISA Pathfinder, sabe para que ele serve?

O LISA Pathfinder é um projeto da Agência Espacial Europeia que tem por objetivo provar uma tecnologia. A tecnologia de que é possível manter no espaço, dois cubos idênticos de ouro em queda livre, e não somente isso, mas a queda livre mais precisa já conseguida no espaço. Com as massas em um movimento sujeito apenas pela ação da gravidade, será possível realizar uma missão para medir as ondas gravitacionais do espaço.

Todo mundo deve lembrar que esse ano foi anunciado a detecção pela primeira vez das ondas gravitacionais, pelo LIGO, um experimento feito em Terra com dois equipamentos nos EUA. O ponto fundamental aqui é que as ondas gravitacionais ocorrem em um grande intervalo de frequências, e são necessários diferentes equipamentos para registrá-las.

A frequência das ondas gravitacionais detectadas pelo LIGO está na casa dos 100 Hz, com um experimento no espaço como o LISA será possível detectar ondas gravitacionais com frequência milhões de vezes menor do que essa.

Se vocês se lembram bem, o que causou as ondas gravitacionais detectadas pelo LIGO foi a fusão de dois buracos negros de massas estelares. Os astrônomos agora querem detectar colisões e eventos de objetos maiores, como a fusão de buracos negros supermassivos, eventos esses que geram uma frequência bem menor e só um experimento no espaço poderia detectar.

Os resultados mostram que o LISA Pathfinder conseguiu sim provar essa tecnologia, o LISA conseguiu colocar em queda livre protegido de todas as forças, somente com a gravidade atuando, dois cubos de metal com 46 centímetros de lado, com uma precisão 5 vezes maior do que aquela necessária, demonstrando que é sim possível realizar esse tipo de experimento no espaço.

Os resultados foram publicados na revista especializada Physical Review Letters e está animando os cientistas em todo o mundo, pois esses resultados superam em muito as expectativas mais otimistas sobre os resultados do LISA Pathfinder.

O LISA Patfinder é o início de um projeto muito mais ambicioso, o LISA, um sistema de detecção de ondas gravitacionais, que usará 3 naves, separadas por uma distância de 5 milhões de quilômetros entre elas e cada uma delas com cubos em queda livre, assim estará montado o detector de ondas gravitacionais que é o sonho dos astrônomos.

As ondas gravitacionais começaram a pouco a transformar a astronomia, nos dando a chance de conhecer o universo de um novo ponto de vista. E o LISA Pathfinder deu o primeiro passo, com sucesso para se detectar as ondas gravitacionais de baixa frequência do espaço.

(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KJR4-NP0kA)