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Personally I'm not 100% sure on Jack. There are no wolves in the Lion King! The only thing I can think of is the big bad wolf from fairytales like little red riding hood, the three little pigs, and the boy who cried wolf.
oh I know this one actually!
Jack isn't based from the Lion King, seeing as he doesn't even come from the same place that Ruggie and Leona do. I don't think he's based on the wolves from traditional fairytales either, since all the characters are from specific disney movies (although there is room to argue he might have been based on the big bad wolf from disney's adaptations of said fairytales, I still think it's unlikely considering Jack's personality).
there's this post that I agree with regarding Jack's origins, but there's some other things I'd like to add to it!
if you take a look at Jack's wiki page, you'll find that "Jack seemingly has no correlation to any character from the Lion King franchise." and that "He may be named after Jack London, author of the novel White Fang, about a wild white wolfdog. Walt Disney Pictures produced a film based on the novel."
in the post I linked above, there's also mention of another of Jack London's novel's adaptations made by disney, The Call of the Wild, which also includes wolves living in a snowy enviroment. I think it's pretty safe to say these two movies are the major inspirations for him!
but there's more, too. like some other characters, I feel that Jack has more than one inspo! especially considering how these two movies he seems to be based on break the previous pattern of animation classics that consist of disney's most remembered movies, since they are live action and I don't think many people know them.
there's is some base to say he might be from Frozen's wolves, too, but I don't think that's very likely since Frozen is a more recent movie. I don't think he comes from Jungle Book's wolves either, as they aren't antagonists and Jack comes from a cold enviroment, not a jungle.
what I do think he comes from is Beauty and The Beast! like his character fact sheet mentions, he comes from the same place as Vargas, and since this movie is one classic I think it's likely there's a bit of inspiration for him on these wolves too! the wolves here have more of an antagonistic role too, justifying why he's on a villain's school despite being. well. Jack.
so while he most likely is twisted from Jack London's novels adaptations, there might be some of Beauty and the Beast on him too!