Solar System 10 Things: Two Years Of Juno At Jupiter
Solar System 10 Things: Two Years of Juno at Jupiter
Our Juno mission arrived at the King of Planets in July 2016. The intrepid robotic explorer has been revealing Jupiter’s secrets ever since.
Here are 10 historic Juno mission highlights:
1. Arrival at a Colossus
After an odyssey of almost five years and 1.7 billion miles (2.7 billion kilometers), our Juno spacecraft fired its main engine to enter orbit around Jupiter on July 4, 2016. Juno, with its suite of nine science instruments, was the first spacecraft to orbit the giant planet since the Galileo mission in the 1990s. It would be the first mission to make repeated excursions close to the cloud tops, deep inside the planet’s powerful radiation belts.
2. Science, Meet Art
Juno carries a color camera called JunoCam. In a remarkable first for a deep space mission, the Juno team reached out to the general public not only to help plan which pictures JunoCam would take, but also to process and enhance the resulting visual data. The results include some of the most beautiful images in the history of space exploration.
3. A Whole New Jupiter
It didn’t take long for Juno—and the science teams who hungrily consumed the data it sent home—to turn theories about how Jupiter works inside out. Among the early findings: Jupiter’s poles are covered in Earth-sized swirling storms that are densely clustered and rubbing together. Jupiter’s iconic belts and zones were surprising, with the belt near the equator penetrating far beneath the clouds, and the belts and zones at other latitudes seeming to evolve to other structures below the surface.
4. The Ultimate Classroom
The Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) project, a collaboration among NASA, JPL and the Lewis Center for Educational Research, lets students do real science with a large radio telescope. GAVRT data includes Jupiter observations relevant to Juno, and Juno scientists collaborate with the students and their teachers.
5. Spotting the Spot
Measuring in at 10,159 miles (16,350 kilometers) in width (as of April 3, 2017) Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is 1.3 times as wide as Earth. The storm has been monitored since 1830 and has possibly existed for more than 350 years. In modern times, the Great Red Spot has appeared to be shrinking. In July 2017, Juno passed directly over the spot, and JunoCam images revealed a tangle of dark, veinous clouds weaving their way through a massive crimson oval.
“For hundreds of years scientists have been observing, wondering and theorizing about Jupiter’s Great Red Spot,” said Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. “Now we have the best pictures ever of this iconic storm. It will take us some time to analyze all the data from not only JunoCam, but Juno’s eight science instruments, to shed some new light on the past, present and future of the Great Red Spot.”
6. Beauty Runs Deep
Data collected by the Juno spacecraft during its first pass over Jupiter’s Great Red Spot in July 2017 indicate that this iconic feature penetrates well below the clouds. The solar system’s most famous storm appears to have roots that penetrate about 200 miles (300 kilometers) into the planet’s atmosphere.
7. Powerful Auroras, Powerful Mysteries
Scientists on the Juno mission observed massive amounts of energy swirling over Jupiter’s polar regions that contribute to the giant planet’s powerful auroras – only not in ways the researchers expected. Examining data collected by the ultraviolet spectrograph and energetic-particle detector instruments aboard Juno, scientists observed signatures of powerful electric potentials, aligned with Jupiter’s magnetic field, that accelerate electrons toward the Jovian atmosphere at energies up to 400,000 electron volts. This is 10 to 30 times higher than the largest such auroral potentials observed at Earth.
Jupiter has the most powerful auroras in the solar system, so the team was not surprised that electric potentials play a role in their generation. What puzzled the researchers is that despite the magnitudes of these potentials at Jupiter, they are observed only sometimes and are not the source of the most intense auroras, as they are at Earth.
8. Heat from Within
Juno scientists shared a 3D infrared movie depicting densely packed cyclones and anticyclones that permeate the planet’s polar regions, and the first detailed view of a dynamo, or engine, powering the magnetic field for any planet beyond Earth (video above). Juno mission scientists took data collected by the spacecraft’s Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument and generated a 3D fly-around of the Jovian world’s north pole.
Imaging in the infrared part of the spectrum, JIRAM captures light emerging from deep inside Jupiter equally well, night or day. The instrument probes the weather layer down to 30 to 45 miles (50 to 70 kilometers) below Jupiter’s cloud tops.
9. A Highly Charged Atmosphere
Powerful bolts of lightning light up Jupiter’s clouds. In some ways its lightning is just like what we’re used to on Earth. In other ways,it’s very different. For example, most of Earth’s lightning strikes near the equator; on Jupiter, it’s mostly around the poles.
10. Extra Innings
In June, we approved an update to Juno’s science operations until July 2021. This provides for an additional 41 months in orbit around. Juno is in 53-day orbits rather than 14-day orbits as initially planned because of a concern about valves on the spacecraft’s fuel system. This longer orbit means that it will take more time to collect the needed science data, but an independent panel of experts confirmed that Juno is on track to achieve its science objectives and is already returning spectacular results. The spacecraft and all its instruments are healthy and operating nominally.
Read the full web version of this week’s ‘Solar System: 10 Things to Know’ article HERE.
For regular updates, follow NASA Solar System on Twitter and Facebook.
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*dry food crunches* Ridiculously small kitten: “Myam myam myam. Njam njam njam njam njam njam njam! Myam myam myam nyam nyam myam. Mmmam. Mrrrrram. Meep!”
send me a fruit
peach: do you have any piercings or tattoos?
raspberry: favorite flower?
lemon: do you have any pets? what are their names?
mango: what is your trademark?
passion fruit: how would you describe your style?
pineapple: sexual orientation?
strawberry: favorite desserts?
cherry: can you play any musical instruments or can you sing?
grape: if you could take a vacation anywhere in the world, where would you go?
banana: favorite horror movies?
blackberry: is your life an action film, a comedy, a romantic comedy, or drama?
pomegranate: when do you feel the most confident?
cantaloupe: what are your parents’ names?
guava: dark & dramatic makeup or natural makeup?
tangelo: if you could be any mythical creature, which would you be?
plum: favorite clothing brands?
coconut: favorite perfume?
lychee: satin or lace?
blueberry: what do you want to dress up as for halloween?
apple: what do you use more, tumblr or twitter?
kiwi: what’s something that fascinates you?
watermelon: do you have a job? if so, what is your job title?
papaya: what song describes your aesthetic?
cranberry: favorite time of the day; morning, afternoon, dusk, or night?
nectarine: would you consider yourself an emotional person?
orange: do you have long eyelashes?
apricot: what do you do when you’re sad?
star fruit: favorite sea creature?
dragonfruit: do you drink alcohol?
100 questions to invade my personal life
Incense correspondences
🕯Allspice - Money, fortune, luck, prosperity
🕯Aloe - Higher vibrations, prosperity, strength, love
🕯Amber - Bliss, healing, comfort, love
🕯Anise - Balance, meditation
🕯Basil - Protection, luck, focus, faithfulness, money, love divination, courage
🕯Bay - Mental powers, prophetic dreams
🕯Bergamont - Wealth, happiness, focus, protection, courage, balance, motivation
🕯Cardomom - Focus, courage, motivation, clarity
🕯Cedar - Purification, love, healing, psychic powers, nightmares
🕯Chamomile - Protection, calm, peace, sleep
🕯Cinnamon - Protection, wealth, success, prosperity, psychic powers
🕯Clove - Cleansing, purification, wealth, stopping gossip, healing, success, divination, protection
🕯Copal - Purification, happiness, love, protection
🕯Citrus - Brightness, courage, confidence, luck, accomplishing goals
🕯Dragons Blood - Cleansing, energy, courage, purification, love, strengthening magical powers
🕯Eucalyptus - Cleansing, protection, purification, healing
🕯Frankincense - Cleansing, astral travel, courage, purification, consecration, protection, meditation, luck
🕯Gardenia - Love, relationships, healing, peace
🕯Ginger - Money, love, power
🕯Heather - Calling and conjuring
🕯Honeysuckle - Wealth, bliss, relationships, healing
🕯Jasmine - Prophetic dreams, love, wealth, purification, astral projection, purification
🕯Juniper - Breaking curses and hexes, protection, psychic powers, healing, calmness
🕯Lavender - Sleep, love, cleansing, happiness, relaxation, healing
🕯Lemon - Love, healing, purification
🕯Mint - Cleansing, conjuring, money, sex, healing, protection
🕯Nutmeg - Psychic powers, meditation, prosperity
🕯Orange - Love, divination, wealth, luck
🕯Peppermint - Healing, animal magic, energy
🕯Pine - Purification, banishing, wealth, strength, grounding, cleansing, breaking hexes, healing
🕯Rose - Prophetic dreams, courage, fertility, blessings, healing, love
🕯Rosemary - Depression, purification, healing, youth, fairies, sleep
🕯Sage - Protection, purification, cleansing, wisdom, healing
🕯Sandalwood - Conjuring, spirituality, protection, healing, astral projection, wishes
🕯Sweetgrass - Conjuring, positive energy
🕯Thyme - Purification, healing, health.
🕯Vanilla - Sex, love, psychic powers
🕯Violet - Luck, love, wisdom, healing, protection
🕯Wormwood - Psychic powers
🕯Ylang-ylang - Hapiness, love, harmony
Just an experiment. Reblog if you actually give a fuck about male victims of domestic violence and rape.
Of fucking course
What sick bastard doesn’t
Fortune Teller reading my palm: It just says “yikes.”
Not to ruin my blog's theme.. but
@staff @support
An Open Letter to Tumblr about the Adult Content Ban and How it is Hurting Your Users:
Recently, Tumblr was removed from the Apple app store due to an incident involving child pornography. This incident is incredibly unfortunate, but it doesn’t stand alone. Tumblr was also removed from the app store due to the large influx of porn bots and pornographic spam, users claiming to be proud to be pedophiles, blatant Nazism, racists who are not deleted for sending hate and harassing users, and more. I myself reported someone for harassing me, but because I had blocked the person and couldn’t access the messages where they harassed me, they were still able to send me anonymous asks. Your support staff, with back doors to the website (presumably), claimed they could not access the messages, and I was left SOL. Many features on this website do nothing to actually protect your users from harassment, racism, homophobia, transphobia, Nazis, pedophiles, predators, porn bots, and more.
You claim in your statement to us that you “have been working on these problems for a long time”. This is blatantly untrue. Please do not lie to us and patronize us. We’ve been here. We’ve seen you do nothing over, and over, and over again.
We complained to you for months and months about the rampant porn bots, and you did nothing except add a report button on mobile which only reported sensitive content or spam at best. You could have addressed this problem with an effective algorithm, but you did not. We complained to you about being harassed and sent hate speech for being LGBT+, and you did nothing. We complained to you about blogs being randomly deleted, and sometimes you’ve restored them, other times you have not. We complained to you that there were people proudly claiming to be “Minor Attracted Persons”, or pedophiles, and you did nothing. We complained to you about people proudly claiming to be white supremacists, and you did nothing. All of these things are “against the community guidelines”, and yet over and over, you have not found effective ways to handle these problems or suppress the feeling of welcome that these users claim to get here. You have had a long time to work on these problems, but you haven’t addressed them. To say you have is untrue.
Multiple other social networking websites, such as Wordpress, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and others have effectively dealt with rampant pornography, racism, pedophilia, and other problems without causing massive issues for their users who are not misusing the platform. They are continuing to find new, effective ways to deal with these issues without causing problems for their userbase as a whole. There is no reason that you are unable to do this effectively other than that you wanted to do it quickly. You have once again chosen your stock holders over your users. And we have had enough.
You have already started to ban “Adult” content with a new algorithm. Here are screenshots of just a fraction of the posts you have flagged as containing adult content:
Your new system of simply tackling everything at once is not working. At all. And each of these screenshots is proof of your utter incompetence. None of these posts contain pornographic acts, “female nipples”, or any community violation of any kind.
We, the users, have been asking you for months to deal with these problems - particularly, the porn bots and bots that spam. In order to block a bot from a side blog, I have to do it manually, even though they are in my side blog’s feed. This is a huge issue for mobile - only users. They keep cropping up in droves, taking over our posts and tricking google into making it look like a legitimate blog linked to a pornographic website. We have complained to you for months and months now, and your solution to simply “ban all adult content” is ineffective. I agree that children should not be able to access pornography - but this is not how you tackle a porn bot problem. Your system is utterly useless, allows for racists, pedophiles, porn bots, and Nazis to remain untouched. It also harms sex workers and real people who may use this website for some forms of adult content responsibly. Moreover, as seen above, it harms plenty of users who have in no way violated your terms of service.
If you keep this up, you threaten your website and company as a whole. Many of us are backing up our blogs and planning places to go to.
You already have a content filter for “sensitive” content (content inappropriate for younger viewers). You could have improved this, instead of attacking your entire user base. It seems to be a very lazy “solution”, if you could call it one at all, and one that harms your entire userbase.
If you are going to keep this filter in place and make Tumblr, a website that has never been known for being family friendly and has never claimed to be, you are going to lose millions of your users. We are already planning our exodus. It isn’t hard to follow. Censor us, and we will go somewhere else. That is not a threat. It is a promise.
Sincerely,
The users of your website.
@staff @support
taurus, virgo, libra, and capricorn can be “have not” signs, meaning they identity more with their inadequacies and the qualities they lack rather than they have taurus always has their eye on the next long term gain, it’s sometimes a matter of what they are working towards having rather than what they have in the present, it can be a case of ‘if only’, or ‘when i have’, like ‘when i finally have a comfortable enough virgo is focused on the abilities they don’t have, the subjects they struggle with, and everything they cannot do rather than all of the skills they have. they are always in a state of self-development, when they are finally ‘perfect’ enough, then they are enough to deserve good things, but it’s always a moving target
libra makes a lot of comparisons with other people, they often idealise those who express the qualities they don’t have and rely on this person to fulfil or act out them out on their behalf. they can wrongly believe that they cannot source their own sense of ‘wellbeing’, ‘security’, ‘happiness’ or whatever unless they are in the company of this person, when these belong to libra in the first place capricorns have a long list of successes that they diminish in comparison to everything they ‘have not achieved’, they can have trouble self-reflecting without self-judgement and fail to see the progress they are making because the end goal is so tremendous and the person they need to become to reach this is seemingly so far away
C
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She/Her - Aquarius Sun - Gemini Moon - Capricorn Asc. - Green Witch -
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