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Feliz Natal pra vocês!
More Posts from Carlosalberthreis and Others
The latest results from the “Cheshire Cat” group of galaxies show how manifestations of Einstein’s 100-year-old theory can lead to new discoveries today. Astronomers have given the group this name because of the smiling cat-like appearance. Some of the feline features are actually distant galaxies whose light has been stretched and bent by the large amounts of mass, most of which is in the form of dark matter detectable only through its gravitational effect, found in the system.
Image credit: NASA / STScI / Chandra & Hubble
More Than Just Drawings
Artist and graphic designer Mike Okuda may not be a household name, but you’re more familiar with his work than you know. Okuda’s artistic vision has left a mark here at NASA and on Star Trek. The series debuted 50 years ago in September 1966 and the distinctive lines and shapes of logos and ships that he created have etched their way into the minds of fans and inspired many.
Flight Ops
The Flight Operations patch has a lengthy history, the original version of which dates to the early 1970s. Having designed a version of the patch, Okuda had some insights about the evolution of the design.
“The original version of that emblem was designed around 1972 by Robert McCall and represented Mission Control. It later changed to Mission Operations. I did the 2004 version, incorporating the space station, and reflecting the long-term goals of returning to the Moon, then on to Mars and beyond. I later did a version intended to reflect the new generation of spacecraft that are succeeding the shuttle, and most recently the 2014 version reflecting the merger of Mission Operations with the Astronaut Office under the new banner Flight Operations.”
“The NASA logos and patches are an important part of NASA culture,” Okuda said. “They create a team identity and they focus pride on a mission.”
In July 2009, Okuda received the NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal, which is awarded to those who are not government employees, but have made exceptional contributions to NASA’s mission. Above, Okuda holds one of the mission patches he designed, this one for STS-125, the final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.
Orion
Among the other patches that Okuda has designed for us, it one for the Orion crew exploration vehicle. Orion is an integral of our Journey to Mars and is an advanced spacecraft that will take our astronauts deeper into the solar system than ever before.
Okuda’s vision of space can be seen in the Star Trek series through his futuristic set designs, a vision that came from his childhood fascination with the space program.
Learn more about Star Trek and NASA.
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Science, Technology, Engineering and Math: STEM
Today is College Signing Day and we’re working with the White House to celebrate all graduating seniors and inspire more young people to Reach Higher and enroll in higher education.
Additionally, choosing a degree within a STEM (Science, Math, Engineering and Technology) field enables the United States to remain the global economic and technological leader. We feel that it’s our duty to help inspire the next generation of scientists, technologists, engineers and astronauts.
It’s important that each and every student feels empowered and equipped with the knowledge to solve tough problems, evaluate evidence and analyze information. These are all skills students can learn through studying a subjects in STEM.
College is one of the stepping stones to many careers, including becoming an astronaut! Here are a few of our astronauts on their college graduation day, along with their astronaut portrait.
Astronaut Victor Glover
Undergraduate: California Polytechnic State University Graduate: Air University and Naval Postgraduate School Astronaut Class: 2013
Astronaut Reid Wiseman
Undergraduate: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Graduate: Johns hopkins University Astronaut Class: 2009
Astronaut Thomas Marshburn
Undergraduate: Davidson College Graduate: University of Virginia, Wake Forest University and University of Texas medical Branch Astronaut Class: 2004
Astronaut Karen Nyberg
Undergraduate: University of North Dakota Graduate: University of Texas at Austin Astronaut Class: 2000
Astronaut Bob Behnken
Undergraduate: Washington University Graduate: California Institute of Technology Astronaut Class: 2000
Astronaut Peggy Whitson
Undergraduate: Iowa Wesleyan College Graduate: Rice University Astronaut Class: 1996
Astronaut Joseph Acaba
Undergraduate: University of California Graduate: University of Arizona Astronaut Class: 2004
Astronaut Rex Walheim
Undergraduate: University of California, Berkeley Graduate: University of Houston Astronaut Class: 1996
Whether you want to be an astronaut, an engineer or the administrator of NASA, a college education opens a universe of possibilities:
Administrator Charles Bolden
Here, Administrator Bolden wears the jersey of Keenan Reynolds, a scholar athlete who graduates from the Naval Academy this year. His jersey is on its way to the college football hall of fame. Bolden holds a drawing of himself as a midshipman in the Navy.
Deputy Administrator Dava Newman
Deputy Administrator Dava Newman sports her college shirt, along with Lisa Guerra, Technical Assistant to the Associate Administrator. Both women studied aerospace engineering at Notre Dame.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
What is it Like to Visit Jupiter?
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. For some perspective, if it were hollow, more than 1,300 Earths could fit inside of it! The giant planet contains two-thirds of all the planetary mass in the solar system and holds more than dozens of moons in its gravitational grip. But what about a visit to this giant planet?
Let’s be honest…Jupiter is not a nice place to visit. It’s a giant ball of gas and there’s nowhere to land. Any spacecraft – or person – passing through the colorful clouds gets crushed and melted. On Jupiter, the pressure is so strong it squishes gas into liquid. Its atmosphere can crush a metal spaceship like a paper cup.
Jupiter’s stripes and swirls are cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a giant storm BIGGER THAN EARTH! This storm has lasted hundreds of years.
Since Jupiter’s atmosphere is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium, it’s poisonous. There’s also dangerous radiation, more than 1,000 times the lethal level for a human.
Scientists think that Jupiter’s core may be a thick, super hot soup…up to 50,000 degrees! Woah!
The Moons
Did you know that Jupiter has its own “mini solar system” of 50 moons? Scientists are most interested in the Galilean satellites – which are the four largest moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610.
Today, Galileo would be astounded to know some of the facts about these moons. The moon Io has active volcanos. Ganymede has its own magnetic field while Europa has a frozen crust with liquid-water underneath making it a tempting place to explore for future missions.
When Juno arrives to Jupiter on July 4, it will bring with it a slew of instruments such as infrared imager/spectrometer and vector magnetometer among the half a dozen other scientific tools in its payload.
Juno will avoid Jupiter’s highest radiation regions by approaching over the north, dropping to an altitude below the planet’s radiation belts – which are analogous to Earth’s Van Allen belts, but far more deadly – and then exiting over the south. To protect sensitive spacecraft electronics, Juno will carry the first radiation shielded electronics vault, a critical feature for enabling sustained exploration in such a heavy radiation environment.
Follow our Juno mission on the web, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Tumblr.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
Travel Posters of Fantastic Excursions
What would the future look like if people were regularly visiting to other planets and moons? These travel posters give a glimpse into that imaginative future. Take a look and choose your destination:
The Grand Tour
Our Voyager mission took advantage of a once-every-175-year alignment of the outer planets for a grand tour of the solar system. The twin spacecraft revealed details about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune – using each planet’s gravity to send them on to the next destination.
Mars
Our Mars Exploration Program seeks to understand whether Mars was, is, or can be a habitable world. This poster imagines a future day when we have achieved our vision of human exploration of the Red Planet and takes a nostalgic look back at the great imagined milestones of Mars exploration that will someday be celebrated as “historic sites.”
Earth
There’s no place like home. Warm, wet and with an atmosphere that’s just right, Earth is the only place we know of with life – and lots of it. Our Earth science missions monitor our home planet and how it’s changing so it can continue to provide a safe haven as we reach deeper into the cosmos.
Venus
The rare science opportunity of planetary transits has long inspired bold voyages to exotic vantage points – journeys such as James Cook’s trek to the South Pacific to watch Venus and Mercury cross the face of the sun in 1769. Spacecraft now allow us the luxury to study these cosmic crossings at times of our choosing from unique locales across our solar system.
Ceres
Ceres is the closest dwarf planet to the sun. It is the largest object in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, with an equatorial diameter of about 965 kilometers. After being studied with telescopes for more than two centuries, Ceres became the first dwarf planet to be explored by a spacecraft, when our Dawn probe arrived in orbit in March 2015. Dawn’s ongoing detailed observations are revealing intriguing insights into the nature of this mysterious world of ice and rock.
Jupiter
The Jovian cloudscape boasts the most spectacular light show in the solar system, with northern and southern lights to dazzle even the most jaded space traveler. Jupiter’s auroras are hundreds of times more powerful than Earth’s, and they form a glowing ring around each pole that’s bigger than our home planet.
Enceladus
The discovery of Enceladus’ icy jets and their role in creating Saturn’s E-ring is one of the top findings of the Cassini mission to Saturn. Further Cassini discoveries revealed strong evidence of a global ocean and the first signs of potential hydrothermal activity beyond Earth – making this tiny Saturnian moon one of the leading locations in the search for possible life beyond Earth.
Titan
Frigid and alien, yet similar to our own planet billions of years ago, Saturn’s largest moon, Titan has a thick atmosphere, organic-rich chemistry and surface shaped by rivers and lakes of liquid ethane and methane. Our Cassini orbiter was designed to peer through Titan’s perpetual haze and unravel the mysteries of this planet-like moon.
Europa
Astonishing geology and the potential to host the conditions for simple life making Jupiter’s moon Europa a fascinating destination for future exploration. Beneath its icy surface, Europa is believed to conceal a global ocean of salty liquid water twice the volume of Earth’s oceans. Tugging and flexing from Jupiter’s gravity generates enough heat to keep the ocean from freezing.
You can download free poster size images of these thumbnails here: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/visions-of-the-future/
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com
O que está acontecendo com o Sol? Algumas vezes parece que estamos vendo o Sol através de uma lente gignatesca, contudo, na verdade, estamos vendo ele através de milhões de pequenas lentes, os cristais de gelo. A água pode se congelar na atmosfera formando pequenos, achatados cristais de gelo hexagonais. Quando esses cristais flutuam, a maior parte do tempo eles passam com suas faces achatadas e parelelas ao solo. Um observador pode se encontrar no mesmo plano dos cristais de gelo perto do nascer ou do pôr do Sol. Durante esse alinhamento, cada cristal pode agir como uma lente em miniatura, refratando a luz do Sol e criando um fenômeno chamado de parélio, ou sundog. O vídeo acima foi feito a um mês atrás numa região perto de Estocolmo, na Suécia que é uma estação de ski e é conhecida como Vamdalen Ski Resort. Bem no centro está o Sol, enquanto que os proeminentes sundogs brilham à esquerda e à direita dele. Também visível nesse vídeo está o halo de 22 graus, bem como o mais raro e mais apagado, halo de 46 graus, halos esses que também são criados pela reflexão do Sol nos cristais de gelo na atmosfera.
Fonte:
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180101.html
Como As Estrelas Morrem Quando Caem Num Buraco Negro? - Space Today TV Ep.731
Desde quando se lê o primeiro texto sobre buracos negros, se aprende que esses objetos possuem uma força gravitacional imensa, e que nem a luz consegue escapar dele, e se um objeto passar pelo horizonte de eventos, não tem mais volta, ele irá cair e desaparecer.
Mas será que existe mesmo um horizonte de eventos? O que nós lemos e aprendemos foi proposto pela Teoria Geral da Relatividade de Albert Einstein.
Será que ao invés de um buraco negro o que tem ali não é um objeto estranho supermassivo.
Diferente do caso do buraco negro onde existe uma singularidade, essa ideia modificada, diz que esse objeto teria uma superfície rígida, nesse caso um objeto, como uma estrela, ao passar próximo se chocaria com a superfície ao invés de ser engolida.
Um grupo de pesquisadores resolveu então testar qual das duas hipóteses é a mais correta para um buraco negro, e esse teste também funcionou como um grande teste, mais uma vez para a Teoria da Relatividade, pois provaria que existe um horizonte de eventos e que nenhum objeto realmente sobrevive a um buraco negro.
Os astrônomos pensaram o que um telescópio poderia ver caso um objeto sobrevivesse a um buraco negro.
Para fazer a busca eles escolheram buracos negros supermassivos no chamado universo próximo.
Então eles buscaram nos dados de arquivos do telescópio Pan-STARRS, um telescópio de 1.8 metros de diâmetro que pesquisa metade do céu do hemisfério norte, e ele escaneou a mesma área repetidamente num período de 3.5 anos buscando pelos chamados transientes.
Basicamente, coisas que brilham e depois apagam, e os pesquisadores buscavam por assinaturas da luz de uma estrela caindo num buraco negro ou se chocando com uma superfície.
Os astrônomos modelaram tudo isso e sabiam a taxa de estrelas que eles deveriam detectar nesse período de 3.5 anos.
E depois de vasculhar os dados do telescópio eles não descobriram absolutamente nada.
A conclusão, os buracos negros realmente possuem um horizonte de eventos e que o material realmente desaparece, como era realmente esperado.
Os astrônomos querem agora no futuro próximo utilizar o Large Synoptic Survey Telescope que como o Pan-STARRS irá pesquisar o céu repetidas vezes buscando por transientes, mas agora com um diâmetro de 8.4 metros.
A aparência plácida da NGC 4889 pode enganar o observador desavisado. Mas a galáxia elíptica, mostrada nessa nova imagem feita pelo Telescópio Espacial Hubble, guarda um segredo obscuro. No seu coração existe um dos buracos negros mais massivos já descobertos.
Localizado a cerca de 300 milhões de anos-luz de distância no Aglomerado coma, a gigantesca galáxia elíptica NGC 4889, a maior e mais brilhante galáxia nessa imagem, é o lar de um buraco negro supermassivo quebrador de recordes. Com 21 bilhões de vezes a massa do Sol, esse buraco negro tem um horizonte de eventos – a superfície de onde nem mesmo a luz pode escapar – com um diâmetro de aproximadamente 130 bilhões de quilômetros. Isso é cerca de 15 vezes o diâmetro da órbita de Netuno ao redor do Sol. Por comparação, o buraco negro supermassivo no centro da nossa galáxia, a Via Láctea, acredita-se tenha uma massa de cerca de 4 milhões de vezes a massa do Sol e um horizonte de eventos tem um tamanho equivalente a um quinto da órbita de Mercúrio.
Mas o tempo quando o buraco negro da NGC 4889 engolia as estrelas e devorava poeira é passado. Os astrônomos acreditam que o gigantesco buraco negro parou de se alimentar, e está atualmente descansando. O ambiente dentro da galáxia está agora tão tranquilo que as estrelas estão se formando a partir do gás remanescente e não perturbado ao redor do buraco negro.
Quando estava ativo, o buraco negro supermassivo da NGC 4889 foi energizado pelo processo de acreção quente. Quando o material galáctico, como o gás, a poeira e outros detritos, caia vagarosamente em direção ao buraco negro, ele se acumulou e formou o disco de acreção. Orbitando o buraco negro, esse disco em rotação de material foi acelerado pela imensa força gravitacional do buraco negro e foi aquecido a milhões de graus. Esse material aquecido também expeliu jatos gigantescos e muito energéticos. Durante esse período, os astrônomos teriam classificado a NGC 4889 como um quasar e o disco ao redor do buraco negro supermassivo teria emitido uma energia mil vezes maior do que a energia da Via Láctea.
O disco de acreção sustentou o apetite do buraco negro supermassivo até que o suprimento de material galáctico se exaurisse. Agora, descansando, enquanto espera o próximo lanche celeste, o buraco negro supermassivo está dormente. Contudo, sua existência permite que os astrônomos avancem no conhecimento sobre como e onde os quasares, esses objetos ainda misteriosos e elusivos, se formaram nos primeiros dias de vida do universo.
Embora seja impossível observar diretamente um buraco negro, já que a luz não pode escapar da força gravitacional, sua massa pode ser indiretamente determinada. Usando instrumentos no Observatório Keck II e Telescópio Gemini Norte, os astrônomos mediram a velocidade com a qual as estrelas estão se movendo ao redor do centro da NGC 4889. Essas velocidades, que dependem da massa do objeto que elas orbitam, revelaram a imensa massa do buraco negro supermassivo.
Fonte:
http://spacetelescope.org/news/heic1602/
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É hoje pessoal! 🤩
🔭 Logo mais às 4:30 da manhã vai ocorrer a "super" conjunção entre todos os planetas do sistema solar.
✨ Dos planetas visíveis a olho nu em ordem ascendente, são: Mercúrio, Vênus, Marte, Júpiter e Saturno.
✨ Dos planetas que não estão visíveis, mas que estão acompanhando, são: Urano e Netuno.
📷 Créditos da Imagem: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid09eF4zUQy47zDfGrguVwDEny8vut32ZphgyifThgejTEoujRK7G8iwNHoMQxh1LKbl&id=213098328862069
